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Background and Aim: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is the most common bullous autoimmune disease, which can cause mortality and morbidity in the patients who suffer from it. Researches to find reliable noninvasive laboratory tests to diagnose and monitor PV patients are being conducted.The aim of this study is to find the sensitivity of serum and salivary anti-DSG1 and anti-DSG3 antibodies in the diagnosis of PV by ELISA and to compare the results of serum and salivary autoantibodies with each other. Methods: In this case-control study, 40 newly diagnosed patients with PV were recruited. Forty healthy controls were also recruited to this study. The clinical diagnosis of PV was confirmed by histopathology and direct immunofluorescence (DIF). Demographic data, disease severity and phenotypes were recorded on the questionnaires, which were developed for this study. DSG1 and DSG3 ELISA test were performed on serum and salivary samples of patients and controls. Results: The mean±standard deviation age of patients, 43.37±11.94, with a range of 26 to 71 years. The sensitivities of serum anti-DSG3 and anti-DSG1 were 85% (34 cases had positive test results) and 90%, (36 cases had positive test results) respectively. The sensitivities of salivary anti-DSG3 and anti-DSG1 antibodies were accordingly 42.5% (17 cases had positive test results) and 60%, (24 cases had positive test results) respectively. Conclusion: While the sensitivities of serum ELISA in detection of anti-DSG1 and anti-DSG3 were significantly higher than those of salivary ELISA, since the levels of the latter are chnaging in parallel to those of serum ELISA, they might be used to monitor the disease activity.

Keywords: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), pemphigus vulgaris, saliva, desmoglein, serum

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